Philiosophy journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Philiosophy journal - Essay Example God might have attached an immaterial thinking substance to certain material bodies, he is allowing that, as a result of divine intervention, material structures might think after all. That is, he has abandoned any claim to know at first hand that material structures simply could not be conscious. If some material structures could be conscious, how can we know a priori that material structures cannot of themselves give rise to consciousness. If, instead of supposing that material structures themselves sometimes think, we assumed that there are immaterial substances, minds, or souls, associated with our bodies, we should have to say that matter somehow acts upon these immaterial things (in perception) (Moreland and Nielssen 72). For most of believers, God is a unity, the main source that allows the construction and experience of religion. The concept of God can be explained as a static one evolving during centuries. It is important to note that God is the common feature of human's per sonality, so many philosophers identify the causes and events that push people to be ethical, especially if their actions will affect another person. In this case, the inner nature and morals of people is closely connected with their believes which prove the exultance of God (Moreland and Nielssen 82). . ... And this perfect cause of the universe is God. What is more, without God morality would be impossible (Moreland and Nielssen 32). There must be a Lawgiver (God) who originates and stands by moral law. A universal moral law cannot exist accidentally. There must be a basis behind it, which is God. According to this view, every person is born with an inherent understanding of right and wrong. Everyone, for example, understands that murdering an innocent person is wrong. Everyone realizes that helping a drowning person is right. Where did this internal understanding of right and wrong come from I'm convinced that this understanding comes from God. He was the one to put it into the hearts of every person (Moreland and Nielssen 87). There is no reason why a non-personal principle of creative value should be encumbered with omniscience. Nevertheless, Leslie is right to confront this problem. For if goodness, ethical equality is the sole creative principle and the only explanation why there is any world at all, we can indeed ask, Whence, then, is evil It would obviously be less satisfactory, because less simple, to admit that value is, even in principle, only a partial explanation of what there is, that there is also an element of the sheer unexplained brute fact, of things just happening to be there; for the recognition of such unexplained brute facts was the rejected alternative to the hypothesis that ethical norms are creative (Leslie 43). Leslie's answer to the problem of evil is, in effect, to argue that there may well be no unabsorbed evils, when we take account of the value of lives that involve real choices against a background of discoverable causal regularities--whether those choices are causally

Social Work Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Social Work - Research Paper Example History and Milestones of Social Work Charitable Organizational Societies and Settlement Houses The profession and practice of social work in North America began before the turn of the century, with the Charitable Organizational Societies and Settlement Houses from the United Kingdom (Baylis, 2004). Both of them were based on the principle of voluntary philanthropy and of improving conditions for less fortunate members of society. At that time, the term â€Å"social work† was coined and applied to volunteers of these movements (Id.). This is an important milestone because it gave the foundation of social work’s motives and purpose. Social work had altruistic motives and a concern for misplaced values of individuals and societies, social justice and reform mostly focused on poverty and other societal problems and how they affected individuals. The purpose of social work was to help those who were in need in any way possible, mostly by providing tangible resources such as food, clothing, housing and money (Holosko, 2003). Volunteers’ method of intervention was to help socialize people so that they could function better in society (Id.). Individual vs. Societal Problems The next important milestone in the profession of social work came at the turn of the 20th century. At that time, voluntary philanthropy gave rise to scientific philanthropy as social reform changed from a religious to educational based auspice (Id.). This began the 14-year debate, from 1909-1923, between thinking of problems as societal problems to individual problems. At the same time, this milestone reaffirmed the social conscience value of social work; defined casework methods with individuals, small groups, or families; acknowledged the role of empirical research in intervention methods; and, created the split between the dependency problems of individuals and problems of societies (Ramsay, 2001). The Flexner Conference of 1915 At the National Conference on Charities and C orrection in 1915, Flexner presented his analysis of the profession of social work which was that it was an intellectual activity and not actually a profession because it did not have the core sociological traits of a profession (Holosko, 2003). Flexner believed that a profession had to have a communication technique through a highly specialized educational discipline; however, this was not possible given the diverse nature of social work (Id.). The Milford Conference of 1929 This was an important milestone in the social work profession for a number of reasons. One reason the Milford Conference was important is that it unified the social work profession through the casework approach (Howe, 1998). Some other important results of the Conference were that the future casework was contingent on using the community and its resources; more research helps to make better casework decisions; and, the role of the community agency itself as an influence on social work practice (Id.). The Hollis -Taylor Report (1951) This report defined both the professional and nonprofessional activities related to the social work profession. The report was also important because it made a significant impact on curriculum development in undergraduate and graduate social work programs in the United States (Baylis, 1998). Another result of the report was that it brought

Organization implications Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Organization implications - Essay Example The merit pay systems emphasizes on the fact that teachers are to be paid for their achievement in the classroom as opposed to their seniority or the number of ed-school credits that they have collected. This paper will discuss the merit pay system and teacher performance in public schools The Civil Service Reform Act of 1978 put the merit system principles into law, specifically section 2301 of title 5 of the U.S. Code. It was set as a national policy intended â€Å"to provide the people of the United States with a competent, honest, and productive workforce...and to improve the quality of public service, Federal personnel management should be implemented consistent with merit system principles† (Pfiffner & Brook, 2000). Since then, the merit system and its principles have been implemented both in the public sector and in private sector in the country. The merit system can be defined as a personnel system applied in the process of hiring and promoting government employees based on merit to obtain the highest efficiency in public personnel functions. The application of the merit system in the public education sector has brought about unending controversies especially with the merit pay issue. The merit pay systems emphasizes on the fact that teachers are to be paid for their achievement in the classroom as opposed to their seniority or the number of ed-school credits that they have collected as it has been done from the 1920s period. Reformers in the education system including the government have emphasized that the merit pay will encourage high performing teachers to do well and drive the lazy ones away, thereby improving the performance of public schools. However, teachers’ unions have continually opposed the move stating that there is no objective way of measuring the classroom performance of a teacher. In addition to this, opposing views have pointed to the fact that the merit pay system has a high chance of failing

Business Models and Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Business Models and Planning - Essay Example Remarkably, VCs consider diverse factors before deciding to invest their funds in various business opportunities. There are three major factors the VCS would evaluate to ascertain the viability of the business opportunities. The factors include market size, management team and technology, as outlined by Roberts and Barley (2004). The first factor that VCs consider when investing in a new business is the management team. Regarding the management team, the VC must evaluate the ability to adapt to prevailing marketing environment. In essence, it is the ability of the business to cope with the dynamicity and complexity of the business environment. VCS would consider whether to continue with the existing marketing team or employ more workforces. The management team should consist mostly of a focused team of entrepreneurs whose primary objective is the success of the business (Roberts & Barley, 2004). The second factor that VCs consider before venturing in the new business is the ‘market’. The market is the strength of every business. Either the market is the physical location of the business or any other platform where the exchange of goods and services take place. The entrepreneur should access the market size and formulate viable marketing strategies in order to evaluate the accessibility and the possibility of expansion and developing the market niche. The penetration of the business’ products is a great factor in marketing that is the ability of the products to compete in new markets. The third critical factor considered by VCs when investing in a new market is technology. Notably, technology is a current trend in the world of business. Most business operations, today, require technology to enhance the efficiency and productivity of the company. Technology facilitates speed and accuracy in the production process. The application of the technology in various departments would enable the company to limit the chances of

Provide a critique of the research methodology contained in pdf file Essay

Provide a critique of the research methodology contained in pdf file - Essay Example A research methodology, which is to be used for one research study, say, incidence of HIV in underdeveloped countries may not be applicable for yet another study, say, role of governess in children welfare, etc. So there is nothing like the best, or most suitable research methodology. â€Å"A Research on reading comprehension needs to develop alternative methodologies which have a more qualitative orientation.† A lot would definitely depend upon the circumstances of the case study, its theoretical presentations, the research proposal and what exactly is needed to be achieved, through the proposed Research Study. Therefore, a lot would depend upon the availability of data, as is evidenced in the current study of the effects of e-commerce, on the developments of e-commerce in Russia. The growth of e-commerce in Russia has not kept pace with the growth rate experienced in other parts of the world, especially UK, USA and other countries of the European Union. Due to lack of purchasing power by the people (27%), lack of people with needed infra-structure (25%), poor quality of telephone services, (18%), inadequate postal system in the country (16%) and other impeding circumstances, it has not been possible to carry out an extensive research as would have been necessary to fully analyse the impact of ecommerce in Russia in recent years. (Doern 2006, p.315- 327). In the first place, the population sample concentrates of just the two big cities in Russia, St. Petersburg and Moscow, have been taken for research purposes. Therefore it could be said that the study has limited itself to study of samples available in these two cities. It is necessary that in order to assess the impact of ecommerce on the economy of Russia, it is necessary to take an extensive study which encompasses, nearly all the major computer using population of the country. It is seen that, in the first phase, the sample has been drawn from the

Active Directory Benefits Essay Example for Free

Active Directory Benefits Essay Active Directory is Microsofts trademarked directory service, an integral part of the Windows 2000 architecture. Like other directory services, such as Novell Directory Services (NDS), Active Directory is a centralized and standardized system that automates network management of user data, security, and distributed resources, and enables interoperation with other directories. Active Directory is designed especially for distributed networking environments. A better representation of the network Centralization sums up my primary reason for implementing Active Directory. The Active Directory structure makes it possible for you to achieve truly centralized management of users, regardless of how big your client’s network has become. If youve worked with Windows NT before, you know that in Windows NT a domain is a completely independent entity. While its possible to create a trust relationship between domains that exist on a common network, the domains are never truly integrated with each other because there is no higher authority that manages the domains. Forests Active Directory uses domains, but rather than each domain remaining independent, you can place multiple domains in an AD forest. This brings the entire network under the control of a single domain that oversees the others. AD allows an administrator of a forest to administer multiple domains, reducing cost and complexity while providing greater security. This also can help to reduce the number of domain controller servers in the organization. User Management Active Directory forest architecture allows communication between domains and facilitates centralized user management. The users in one domain are known to the forest domain controller, improving the flexibility of user credential management. This allows much more flexibility for employees who must travel from site to site, each with its own domain. An employee in Domain A that travels to Domain B can just log in with his normal  credentials and gain access to his network resources. Organizational Units The Active Directory structure includes support for organizational units (OU) that represent business units within the organization. AD allows an administrator to delegate some amount of authority for administering organization units. For example, an AD administrator can delegate the authority to reset passwords to the administrative assistant in the Sales department OU. This relieves the network administrator and the help desk of spending time on routine tasks. Rights Management AD provides Rights Management Services to protect files and other resources from unauthorized access. Administrators grant file access and control rights for authorized users and unauthorized users are prevented from accessing those files. This is an essential feature for organizations that require higher levels of security

The Run Away Children Children And Young People Essay

The Run Away Children Children And Young People Essay This chapter to focusing on characterization of the run-away children like on the basis of their activity work at platform, income, available support, reason of run away, their family background, and analyzing their reason of run away and related things. 2.2 Characterizing the runaway children Yardstick used to characterize the run-away children is based on their age, sex, how many times they run away, their parental care at their home, their work at their home and on the platform, their living condition on platform, how they are living in platform etc. based on the sample taken, observation and other process of the study. 2.3 Age of the child Age group Sample of the study restricted up to 6-15, but later at the location some more children added those who are more than age group of 15 but less than 18. Hence NGO working for run away children also considering the age group up to 18 and also we added as per the requirement to add children up to age group of 18. The age group ratio we found on the railway station is as below in table: Available data is clearly showing the status of run-away children; the most them are belongs to the age group of 11-14. Where very less belongs to the age group of 15-18. And the second lessor one from the age group less than age group of less than 10. And that seems more probably due to that they are very small to run away from home or from work place or form any respected place. Another lowest one belongs from the age group of 15-18, mainly due to during the age in case of boy they being mature and they moving from the platform for different work to somewhere else. And in case of girl we don ¿Ã‚ ½t have much information but as from discussion it comes out that brokers are very active as well girls are more vulnerable belongs from these age group. 2.4 Samples separated by Girls and Boys (primary data, N=53) Firstly our sample is biased to tell about run away children on platform based on their sex. Due to permission problem we didn ¿Ã‚ ½t get opportunity to have girl sample. But with help of SATHI we had taken only 25% sample of girl among total number of sample. But through the observation also it was very clear those girls are living very less on the platform. As per the available secondary data from SATHI, it shows that about 33.33% children are girl among all run away. 2.5 Religion of the child Religion of children doesn ¿Ã‚ ½t made any to sense to say that children are run away because they are belongs to XYZ community. But as per sample taken 37 children are Hindu; 13 Muslims; 3 Christians; and 1 Sikh. And according to the CWC secondary data Hindu- 71%, Muslims 14%, Christian 13% and others 2 %.( source: primary data) 2.6 Status of children before run away It is necessary to explore about the run-away children what they were doing before running away. Whether they are studying, working or doing nothing means not studying and not working. Children what do they were doing before they run away? Definitely it is making one sense; it may be a cause for run-away the children. Like children those who were going to school they may have problem to getting into stress because they might disliking to go school. Similarly they might have fear of teacher. Similarly as children those who were working can run away due to exploitation at the work place. In some of the cases children runaway because they sent by their parents for work and they are getting exploited at the workplace in such condition they cannot think to go back and cannot work too. Such kinds of situation also forcing to run away. One thing I noticed common in run-away children is their confidence may be that also one factor because of that they rebel from the situation and run away. We also got cases of sexual exploitation but it ware seldom for male but it was more in case of girl at their respected work place nothing surprising. 2.7 Times of run away Basically run away children comes into two type 1) Habitual run away 2) Fresher; those run away first time. As per the sample 66% children are first time runaway. Habitual children basically having psychological problem. Like in few cases children away several times. Not only from their house or workplace they are running away from anywhere. Among the habitual children some of them are liking platform life so much, even they don ¿Ã‚ ½t want to go back their home. Usually NGOs working for the platform children are conducting rehabitation camp. After the camp most of the children are getting rehabitated. But old children don ¿Ã‚ ½t want to attain camp even they don ¿Ã‚ ½t like to go with such kind of process of the NGO. Besides they are taking opportunity of such facility available for them like shelter and food. The problem not much complicated for those who run away first time but here around 44% children are runaway more than one time, May be because they like the platform life. Some cases also there where children are living on the platform because they don ¿Ã‚ ½t know the way to go back, and children those who run away several times cannot go back because they rejected by the family several times. 2.8 Status of Family Children are running away one of the reason due to the parental care. We got the same result through the primary and secondary data. Through the sample we got from total run away, 32.5% boy are orphan; And among all orphan 14% not having father and mother. 31.25% without mother and 56.25 are without father. At home children without mother and father, feels so lonely, no body taking care of them as father and mother. Once they run away they don ¿Ã‚ ½t wanted to back. And also we found the similar cases among those not having either mother or father. 2.9 Contact with family We have assumptions that run away children means they wouldn ¿Ã‚ ½t have any contact from the family. But it wasn ¿Ã‚ ½t true. Habitual run away children those who are finally settled on platform few of them having contact with their family. Some children having contact with them. Some of the children sending money to their house also. Hence after spending necessary amount of money on their need. They wouldn ¿Ã‚ ½t have anything thing to do. In some cases we found that children sent money to their house upto Rs. 5000. During the study it comes out 3.77% family having contact with their family. We also found some cases in which children going back in bad weather (like extreme cold) they are used to go their home. Discussion with habitual child having contact with family The child front in photo, we meet several time with him throughout the month. Child is habitual to live in platform, and don ¿Ã‚ ½t wanted to go back their home. He knows properly way of their home. After asking the children why you don ¿Ã‚ ½t want to go your home. He replied  ¿Ã‚ ½my family don ¿Ã‚ ½t like me ¿Ã‚ ½ during the discussion he also explained he sent Rs. 5000 to their family last month (March 2012). We asked  ¿Ã‚ ½Why? If they don ¿Ã‚ ½t like you? He replied by being irritating  ¿Ã‚ ½not for my mother and father, I sent that for my sister, her hand was broken when she fallen down ¿Ã‚ ½. I again asked do you visiting your home sometime? He replied yes! Sometimes too meet my sister 2.10 Reason for the run away There are several reasons that may be responsible to run away a children like both psychological and non-psychological. That discussed as below: 2.10.1 Psychological reason In government home through the participatory observation, it came out that so many children are running away due to their psychological reason. They can run away even because of very small reason. Like one boy we found in the government home who run away only due to their parents not allowed him to fly the kites and also to restrict the child they beaten also. Child rebelled against their family and run away. And similar so many cases exist because of the children run away. Some other cases like attraction to go city, dream to earn more money and be a rich person, become more confident and having dream to achieve anything. We also observed some children those who rebelled even in SATHI camp. And also they not getting into control easily. 2.10.2 Non-psychological reason Apart from the psychological reason there are so many non-psychological problems are there because of that children are running away. Like family related problem, physical abuse, sexual abuse, road side dwellers, work related problem, uncaring family, and fear after doing something wrong. From the sample taken and discussion with children following the comes out; see below the table: Figure 7: Reasons of runaway (source: primary data) Also in case of so many children, sometimes one problem may cases of runaway the children and sometimes combination of more than one problem. Like in case of Ismayl he is eldest son in their family. His father and mother bother were suffering from dieses as well they credit on their head that also due to the treatment. To overcome from loan and take care of family his mother sent him for work. For the sake of their family he started to work but later he mingle with the plateform life as well as so much stress due to family and at work place; he left out the place and reached out to New Delhi railway station. Similarly, child having problem like so much family problem; means fight within the family, physical abuse, alcoholic and abuse, parental care like having step mother or step father, illicit relationship among mother and father, insufficient income of the family that forces them to send their children to work on platform. Another problem are like due to peer. We found few cases where children were run away only because of Peer Company. And also in some cases they wanted to visit city and getting support of their friend also pulled them to go out.